War+on+Poverty

[|Great Society]

[|The Great Society program] became Johnson's agenda for Congress in January 1965: aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, and removal of obstacles to the right to vote.



 [|Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty speech to Congress 1964]

[|Economic Opportunity Act of 1964]--Title I



[|Robert Sargent Shriver—1st director of the Office of Economic Opportunity]

[|Head Start] [|VISTA] [|Job Corps history] [|Job Corps]



Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1965

-targeted disadvantaged poor children who were considered to be educationally deprived-

​



[|ESEA 1965 to present] [|ESEA-precedent]

[|History of Bilingual Education Provisions in America]



1966 [|The Coleman Report]--commissioned by HEW (Health, Education, and Welfare department) to assess availablility of equal education opportunities to children of different race, color, religion, and national origin. Impact:school integration

**Feminism **



media type="youtube" key="oXxrfqY0kA0" height="505" width="640" What Men Can't Do

[|Timeline of Legal Women’s history] [|Women's Rights Movement] [|Presidential Commission on the State of Women]--PCSW: To win against "the Reds," America needed everybody, so information upon women's sociolegal staus was necessary. The report criticized inequalities in a "free society," described traditional gender roles as communist, and led to underground feminist activities that eventually became public. By 1967, each state had established its own Commission on the State of Women.



[|1963 Equal Pay Act]--Equal wages for equal work



2 Substantiating cases : //Schultz v. Wheaten Glass Co. (1970)--Jobs need to be "substantially equal" but not "identical" to fall under protection of Equal Pay Act (no changing job titles of women workers in order to pay them less). Corning Glassworks v. Brennan (1974)--an employer cannot justify paying women lower wages due to tradiitonal rates; a wage differential occurring// // because "men would not work at the low rates paid women" is unacceptable. //

[|1964 Affirmative Action] loosened discriminatory hiring and admission practices in businesses and colleges



Quote: ''Nobody asked you, 'What do you want to be when you grow up, little girl?' but, 'Oh, you're a pretty little girl; you'll be a mommy like mommy, blah, blah, blah.' "Well, I knew one thing. I did not want to be a mommy like mommy. And I understood somehow my mother's frustration. And that it was no good not only for her, but for her children or her husband, that she didn't have a real use of her ability." -Betty Friedan

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 20px;">[|Women! Why are they so mad?] [|1966 NOW (National Organization of Women)] <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;">//Led by Friedan, Murray, and Chisholm// The purpose of NOW is to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all the privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men. <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: center;">[|Betty Friedan]



<span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: center;">[|Pauli Murray]



<span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: center;">[|Shirley Chisholm]



[|1967 Presidential Executive Order 11375]--Prohibited bias in hiring federal government contractors

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 20px;">[|Patsy T. Mink] -- First woman of color and first Asian American woman elected to Congress <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 20px;">[|1972 Title IX Equal Opportunity in Education Act] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px;">--"<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 17px;">No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance..."



[|1972 Equal Rights Amendment]



<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 20px;">[|1973 Roe v. Wade]--Supreme Court decision designating women's right to abortion [|1974 Women's Education Equity Act]--Educational Equity and funds for women of all races

<span style="display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: center;">[|Tumultuous Youth] <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 30px; text-align: center;"> 1960's: "Decade of Dissent" or "Decade of Idealism?"



[|Baby Boomers]--1946-1967 In 1964, 40% of the American population were under 19 years old

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> Cold War Rhetoric=freedom, equality, love, and hope



[|1960 "Kennedy's Kids"--Peace Corps]--JFK's call for help from the youth resulted in growth of young people's concern with local, national, and global issues [|Civil Rights] Women's Lib--rising percentage of women with children working outside of the home [|TV, media, and rock 'n' roll] Berlin Wall Fear of Communism Civil defense drills due to Russian nuclear missile threats [|1960s happenings] Assassinations --Martin Luther King, John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy; Vietnam War, draft, draft-dodging, civil rights & war protest demonstrations at colleges, etc. [|Woodstock]

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 50px;">media type="youtube" key="fETIjVvv1Ds" height="505" width="640"

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 30px;">Marvin Gaye-What's Goin' On?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">[|Vietnam War]

<span style="background-color: #008080; color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 40px; text-align: center;">The 70's: The "Me" Generation

media type="youtube" key="GI7-m919ynU" height="505" width="640"

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 40px;">1970 [|Kent State Four Dead in Ohio]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">1970 [|President's Commission on Campus Unrest]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">//<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">"No event in American history is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War. It was misreported then, and it is misremembered now. Rarely have so many people been so wrong about so much. Never have the consequences of their misunderstanding been so tragic."-**Richard Nixon** //

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px;">[|Generation X]--Inflation, distrust of politicians, Vietnam war was ending, Baby boomers growing up and having families resulted in no time to change the world and tried instead to change themselves for the better

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">[|1970's happenings] [|"How to Tell if Your Child is a Potential Hippie" Pamphlet]



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">[|Benjamin Spock]-His child-rearing advice was blamed for the social problems of the '70's.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">[|1970 Charles Silberman] --<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">No more "mindlessness:" Open Education = elementary school program was student-directed; active involvement; media; high school program consisted of increased elective and decreased required courses



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">1972-Open Education and the American School--expressed frustrations with Open Education

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Mid '70's--decline in Open Education practices

[|SAT Decline 1965-1975]-Dramatic drop in SAT scores in 10-year period


 * = <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">YEAR 19- ||= <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">SAT VERBAL ||= <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">SAT MATH ||
 * = 62-63 ||= 478 ||= 502 ||
 * = 63-64 ||= 475 ||= 498 ||
 * = 64-65 ||= 473 ||= 496 ||
 * = 65-66 ||= 471 ||= 496 ||
 * = 66-67 ||= 467 ||= 495 ||
 * = 67-68 ||= 466 ||= 494 ||
 * = 68-69 ||= 462 ||= 491 ||
 * = 69-70 ||= 460 ||= 488 ||
 * = 70-71 ||= 454 ||= 487 ||
 * = 71-72 ||= 450 ||= 482 ||
 * = 72-73 ||= 443 ||= 481 ||
 * = 73-74 ||= 440 ||= 478 ||
 * = 74-75 ||= 434 ||= 472 ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">1977-College Entrance Exam Board--explained drop in SAT scores was due to increased number of low-income and minority student population test-takers; largely ignored and call for increased standards

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">"Primary responsibility for education should rest with those States, localities, and private institutions that have made our Nation's educational system the best in the world, but the Federal Government has for too long failed to play its own supporting role in education as effectively as it could. Instead of assisting school officials at the local level, it has too often added to their burden. Instead of setting a strong administrative model, the Federal structure has contributed to bureaucratic buck passing. Instead of simulating needed debate of educational issues, the Federal Government has confused its role of junior partner in American education with that of silent partner. The time has passed when the Federal Government can afford to give second-level, part-time attention to its responsibilities in American education. If our Nation is to meet the great challenges of the 1980's, we need a full-time commitment to education at every level of government—Federal, State, and local."-Jimmy Carter

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