Educators+and+Thinkers

media type="youtube" key="eXoXtoiAGXo" width="425" height="350"


 * Thomas Jefferson** (1801-1809): President of the Washington DC Board of Education. Jefferson valued and encouraged informal approaches to education.

__**EDUCATORS AND THINKERS**__

[]
 * John Locke**: Rejected the concept of "innate ideas" and asserted that the human mind starts as a //tabula rasa// or "blank tablet"- " a white paper void of all characters". Locke stated: We Know What We Know and Become What We Become (Urban & Wagoner, pg.75).

ht[|tp://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/r/rousseau/jean_jacques/r864s/] []
 * Jean Jacques Rousseau**: "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" (Urban & Wagoner,pg.75)






 * Well, they sort of look alike. You Think?

Thomas Paine** (1804): " Why is Man Afraid to Think?" [] []


 * Benjamin Rush**: Studied chemistry and medicine at the University of Pennsylvania - Signer the Declaration of Independence.

[]

[]
 * Noah Webster**: A schoolmaster and Founder of Amherst College. In 1825 Webster completed the American Dictionary after devoting 25 years to this project in the field of English language with 70,000 entries all written by hand.

Competition came with the following:

http://www.hudson.lib.oh.us/hudson%20website/Images/McGuffy%20Presentation/mcguffy_presentation.htm
 * Caleb Bingham's**: The American Preceptor 1795

[]
 * Lindley Murray's**: The English Reader 1799

Later came:


 * William Holmes McGuffey's**: Eclectic Reader 1836

William Holmes McGuffey was born in 1800. His parents were Scottish Presbyterians and adhered to a strict Calvinist theology. Education was very important to the McGuffey parents which found William McGuffy, teaching at the age of fourteen. [|http://www.ohiobio.org/mcguffey.htm] []

[]
 * William Maclure:** School Master

[]


 * Horace Mann**: Secretary of the Board of Education

[]


 * Catharine Beecher**

(Page 133-135, Urban & Wagoner) 1823: Catharine Beecher opened the Hartford Female Seminary, where she taught until 1831. 1831: Catharine Beecher suggested that teachers read aloud to students the passages from the writers with elegant styles "to accustom the ear to the measurement of the sentences and the peculiar turns of expression". 1841: Catharine Beecher published "A Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School". This book discussed the underestimated importance of women's role in society. 1846: Catharine Beecher pronounced that women not men should educate children and she established schools for training teachers in western citiies. She believed teachers were more important to society than lawyers and doctors. She was a strong advocate of the inclusion of Physical Education daily and developed a program of calisthenics performed to music. []


 * William Harper**: Pro-slavery lawyer from South Carolina

[] DeBow's Review


 * Virginia Govenor David Campbell** (1839): Campbell urged the legislature to establish a comprehensive public school system. Census of 1840, revealed that one out of every thirteen white citizens in Virginia was illiterate. Virginia did not enact a comprehensive school law until after the Civil War.


 * Archibald D. Murphey** (1815): North Carolina State Senator:

[]

[] []
 * Calvin Wiley**: Young Lawyer and novelist also known as the "Horace Mann of the South" . Wiley enforced state school laws and established county training institutes and a system of examination and certification in each of the counties.

[]
 * John Russwurm**


 * Robert Pleasants**

[] []

[]
 * John Chavis**: Black Educator

http://www.docsouth.unc.edu/global/getBio.html?type=bio&id=pn0000268&name=Caldwell,+Joseph ]
 * Joseph Caldwell**: 1832

[]


 * Nat Turner**

[] []

Southern Literacy Messenger**[] []r


 * Most of the Southern magazines were still conducted in a spirit of patriotism and local literary pride, rather than as paying business ventures. The most famous of these, //The Southern Literary Messenger,// was founded at Richmond in 1834. It was at first a semi-monthly, but soon changed to a monthly, though its appearance seems to have been at times somewhat irregular. Poe began to contribute to the //Messenger// in 1835, and later in the same year became editor. His tales and poems, and particularly his reviews, which were more independent in tone than had been common in America, added greatly to the fame of the magazine, but his editorship ceased with the beginning of the year 1837. Among later editors were Benjamin Blake Minor, who was both editor and proprietor from 1843 to 1847, and who later wrote a reminiscent history of the magazine; and John R. Thompson, who was Minor’s immediate successor. Though it was distinctly Southern in tone the //Messenger// numbered among its contributors many distinguished Northerners—more, probably, than any other Southern magazine.


 * REFERENCES:**

Urban, W.J., & Wagoner, Jr., J.L. (2009). //Fourth Edition American Education: A History, pgs, 75; 133-135.// || ||